Frameworks · Netherlands

AI governance frameworks and regulation in the Netherlands

The Netherlands governs AI through EU law applied by national authorities. The EU AI Act and the GDPR apply directly, and a draft implementation bill would make ten existing supervisors responsible for the AI Act, with the Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens and the RDI coordinating. Dutch law adds a rule on automated decisions in the GDPR Implementation Act, and the government's Algoritmekader and Algoritmeregister govern how public bodies use and publish algorithms. These are the Dutch instruments, with the EU and international frameworks most organisations build on.

Who regulates AI here

Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP)The Dutch data protection authority, which coordinates supervision of algorithms and AI and is proposed as a coordinating AI Act authority and the supervisor where no sector supervisor exists.
Rijksinspectie Digitale Infrastructuur (RDI)The digital infrastructure inspectorate, proposed in the draft implementation bill as the other coordinating AI Act authority, with a role in supervising AI in critical infrastructure.
De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB)The prudential supervisor of banks, insurers and pension funds, and one of the proposed AI Act supervisors for AI used by financial institutions.
Autoriteit Financiële Markten (AFM)The conduct supervisor of financial markets and services, and one of the proposed AI Act supervisors for AI used by financial institutions.

Netherlands

The Netherlands is preparing a law naming existing supervisors for the EU AI Act, adds a GDPR rule on automated decisions, and guides public bodies through the Algoritmekader and Algoritmeregister.

LawDutch AI Act implementation billUitvoeringswet AI-verordening, the Dutch AI Act implementation billThe draft Uitvoeringswet AI-verordening names ten Dutch AI Act supervisors, with the AP and RDI coordinating. What it proposes and where it stands.Draft bill, consultation closed 1 June 2026 LawUAVG Article 40UAVG Article 40 and automated decisions in the NetherlandsArticle 40 of the Dutch GDPR Implementation Act allows some automated decisions without profiling. When it applies, the safeguards and what it means for AI.In force since May 2018 Public sector policyAlgoritmekaderAlgoritmekader and Algoritmeregister (Netherlands)The Dutch government's Algoritmekader sets out the rules and tools for responsible public sector algorithms, and the Algoritmeregister publishes them.In use, Algoritmekader version 2.5 published March 2026

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European Union

The EU AI Act sets risk-based obligations for AI placed on the EU market or used in the EU, alongside the GDPR's rules on automated decisions.

LawEU AI ActEU AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689)The EU AI Act sets risk-based rules for AI used in the EU. What it requires of providers and deployers, and the dates as amended by the 2026 Digital Omnibus.In force, applying in stages to 2028In Aicura from Enterprise LawGDPR Article 22GDPR Article 22 and automated decision-makingGDPR Article 22 limits solely automated decisions with legal or similarly significant effects. Who it applies to, the exceptions, safeguards and AI duties.In force since May 2018, amendment proposed Voluntary frameworkGPAI Code of PracticeGeneral-Purpose AI Code of PracticeThe EU GPAI Code of Practice is how model providers show they meet AI Act duties on transparency, copyright and systemic risk. What it covers and who signs.Published July 2025, in use Voluntary frameworkTrustworthy AI and ALTAIEthics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI and the Assessment List (ALTAI)The EU's Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI set seven requirements, and ALTAI turns them into a self-assessment checklist. What they cover and who uses it.Published 2019 and 2020, voluntary

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International

Standards and frameworks that apply across borders. Most organisations use one of these as the backbone of their AI governance, whatever their jurisdiction.

StandardISO/IEC 42001ISO/IEC 42001:2023 AI management systemsISO/IEC 42001 is the certifiable international standard for an AI management system. What it requires, how Annex A works and how to get ready to certify.Published December 2023, current editionIn Aicura from Pro StandardISO/IEC 42005ISO/IEC 42005:2025 AI system impact assessmentISO/IEC 42005 is international guidance on assessing how an AI system affects people and society, when to assess, what to record and how it links to 42001.Published May 2025, current edition Voluntary frameworkNIST AI RMFNIST AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0)The NIST AI RMF is a voluntary framework for managing AI risk through four functions, Govern, Map, Measure and Manage. What it asks and who uses it worldwide.Version 1.0 current, revision under wayIn Aicura from Pro Voluntary frameworkNIST Generative AI ProfileNIST AI RMF Generative AI Profile (NIST AI 600-1)NIST AI 600-1 applies the AI Risk Management Framework to generative AI. Its 12 risks, the suggested actions behind them and who uses the profile and why.Final, published July 2024 StandardISO/IEC 23894ISO/IEC 23894:2023 Guidance on AI risk managementISO/IEC 23894 adapts the ISO 31000 risk process to AI. What the guidance covers, its AI risk sources and lifecycle mapping, and how it fits with ISO 42001.Published February 2023, current edition StandardISO/IEC 38507ISO/IEC 38507:2022 Governance implications of the use of AI by organizationsISO/IEC 38507 is guidance for boards on governing an organisation's use of AI. What it asks of directors, how it links to ISO/IEC 38500 and who uses it.Published April 2022, current edition Voluntary frameworkOECD AI PrinciplesOECD Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence (OECD AI Principles)The OECD AI Principles are the intergovernmental standard for trustworthy AI, adopted 2019 and revised 2024. The five principles and how to apply them.Adopted May 2019, revised May 2024 Voluntary frameworkHUDERIAHUDERIA: Risk and impact assessment of AI systems for human rights, democracy and the rule of lawHUDERIA is the Council of Europe's method for assessing AI risks to human rights, democracy and the rule of law. Its four elements, scoring and who uses it.Methodology and Model adopted, non-binding LawCouncil of Europe AI ConventionCouncil of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law (CETS No. 225)The Council of Europe AI Convention is the first binding international treaty on AI. Who has signed and ratified, what it asks of parties and when it applies.Open for signature, not yet in force Voluntary frameworkG7 Hiroshima Code of ConductHiroshima Process International Code of Conduct for Organizations Developing Advanced AI SystemsThe G7 Hiroshima Code of Conduct sets 11 voluntary actions for advanced AI developers, with OECD HAIP reporting. What it asks and who reports under HAIP 2.0.Voluntary, reporting framework v2.0 live Voluntary frameworkUNESCO AI Ethics RecommendationUNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial IntelligenceUNESCO's Recommendation on the Ethics of AI is the global standard its member states adopted in 2021. Its values, principles and Ethical Impact Assessment.Adopted November 2021

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Questions

Does the Netherlands have an AI law?

The EU AI Act applies directly in the Netherlands. The Dutch implementing act, the Uitvoeringswet AI-verordening, was published in draft for consultation from 20 April to 1 June 2026 and goes next to the Council of State and Parliament. It names the supervising authorities and their powers and adds no new obligations for AI systems.

Who supervises AI in the Netherlands?

Today the Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens supervises the GDPR and coordinates supervision of algorithms and AI, and sector supervisors oversee AI in their own fields. Under the draft implementation bill, ten existing authorities would supervise the AI Act, including the AP, the RDI, the AFM and DNB, with the AP and RDI coordinating.

Can Dutch organisations make automated decisions with AI?

Within limits. GDPR Article 22 restricts solely automated decisions with legal or similarly significant effects. Article 40 of the Dutch GDPR Implementation Act allows them without profiling where needed for a legal obligation or a public task, with safeguards such as human intervention and the right to contest.

What is the Algoritmeregister?

The public register at algoritmes.overheid.nl where Dutch government organisations publish information about the algorithms they use and how they work, focusing on impactful algorithms and high-risk AI systems. It listed more than 1,500 algorithms in October 2026.

Start with the AI you run.

Every framework begins with knowing which AI systems and agents you have. The AI register is free to start.