Frameworks · Luxembourg

AI governance frameworks and regulation in Luxembourg

Luxembourg governs AI through EU law applied by national authorities. The EU AI Act and the GDPR apply directly, and bill 8476, still before the Chamber of Deputies, would make the CNPD the default AI Act authority with the CSSF and the CAA covering the financial firms they supervise. These are the Luxembourg instruments, with the EU and international frameworks most organisations build on.

Who regulates AI here

Commission nationale pour la protection des données (CNPD)Luxembourg's data protection authority, and under bill 8476 the default AI Act market surveillance authority, coordinator and single point of contact.
Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF)Supervises banks, investment firms, fund managers and payment institutions, and under bill 8476 would supervise the AI Act for AI used by the entities it supervises.
Commissariat aux Assurances (CAA)Supervises insurers and reinsurers, and under bill 8476 would supervise the AI Act for AI used by the entities it supervises.
Institut Luxembourgeois de Régulation (ILR)The sector regulator for networks and essential services, which under bill 8476 would supervise deployers of critical infrastructure AI that are essential or important entities.

Luxembourg

Luxembourg applies the EU AI Act directly, with a bill before Parliament that would make the CNPD the default authority and the CSSF and CAA supervisors for financial firms.

LawLuxembourg bill 8476Bill 8476, Luxembourg's AI Act implementation billBill 8476 would make the CNPD Luxembourg's default AI Act authority, with the CSSF and CAA covering financial firms. What it proposes and where it stands.Bill before the Chamber of Deputies

All Luxembourg frameworks

European Union

The EU AI Act sets risk-based obligations for AI placed on the EU market or used in the EU, alongside the GDPR's rules on automated decisions.

LawEU AI ActEU AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689)The EU AI Act sets risk-based rules for AI used in the EU. What it requires of providers and deployers, and the dates as amended by the 2026 Digital Omnibus.In force, applying in stages to 2028In Aicura from Enterprise LawGDPR Article 22GDPR Article 22 and automated decision-makingGDPR Article 22 limits solely automated decisions with legal or similarly significant effects. Who it applies to, the exceptions, safeguards and AI duties.In force since May 2018, amendment proposed Voluntary frameworkGPAI Code of PracticeGeneral-Purpose AI Code of PracticeThe EU GPAI Code of Practice is how model providers show they meet AI Act duties on transparency, copyright and systemic risk. What it covers and who signs.Published July 2025, in use Voluntary frameworkTrustworthy AI and ALTAIEthics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI and the Assessment List (ALTAI)The EU's Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI set seven requirements, and ALTAI turns them into a self-assessment checklist. What they cover and who uses it.Published 2019 and 2020, voluntary

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International

Standards and frameworks that apply across borders. Most organisations use one of these as the backbone of their AI governance, whatever their jurisdiction.

StandardISO/IEC 42001ISO/IEC 42001:2023 AI management systemsISO/IEC 42001 is the certifiable international standard for an AI management system. What it requires, how Annex A works and how to get ready to certify.Published December 2023, current editionIn Aicura from Pro StandardISO/IEC 42005ISO/IEC 42005:2025 AI system impact assessmentISO/IEC 42005 is international guidance on assessing how an AI system affects people and society, when to assess, what to record and how it links to 42001.Published May 2025, current edition Voluntary frameworkNIST AI RMFNIST AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0)The NIST AI RMF is a voluntary framework for managing AI risk through four functions, Govern, Map, Measure and Manage. What it asks and who uses it worldwide.Version 1.0 current, revision under wayIn Aicura from Pro Voluntary frameworkNIST Generative AI ProfileNIST AI RMF Generative AI Profile (NIST AI 600-1)NIST AI 600-1 applies the AI Risk Management Framework to generative AI. Its 12 risks, the suggested actions behind them and who uses the profile and why.Final, published July 2024 StandardISO/IEC 23894ISO/IEC 23894:2023 Guidance on AI risk managementISO/IEC 23894 adapts the ISO 31000 risk process to AI. What the guidance covers, its AI risk sources and lifecycle mapping, and how it fits with ISO 42001.Published February 2023, current edition StandardISO/IEC 38507ISO/IEC 38507:2022 Governance implications of the use of AI by organizationsISO/IEC 38507 is guidance for boards on governing an organisation's use of AI. What it asks of directors, how it links to ISO/IEC 38500 and who uses it.Published April 2022, current edition Voluntary frameworkOECD AI PrinciplesOECD Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence (OECD AI Principles)The OECD AI Principles are the intergovernmental standard for trustworthy AI, adopted 2019 and revised 2024. The five principles and how to apply them.Adopted May 2019, revised May 2024 Voluntary frameworkHUDERIAHUDERIA: Risk and impact assessment of AI systems for human rights, democracy and the rule of lawHUDERIA is the Council of Europe's method for assessing AI risks to human rights, democracy and the rule of law. Its four elements, scoring and who uses it.Methodology and Model adopted, non-binding LawCouncil of Europe AI ConventionCouncil of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law (CETS No. 225)The Council of Europe AI Convention is the first binding international treaty on AI. Who has signed and ratified, what it asks of parties and when it applies.Open for signature, not yet in force Voluntary frameworkG7 Hiroshima Code of ConductHiroshima Process International Code of Conduct for Organizations Developing Advanced AI SystemsThe G7 Hiroshima Code of Conduct sets 11 voluntary actions for advanced AI developers, with OECD HAIP reporting. What it asks and who reports under HAIP 2.0.Voluntary, reporting framework v2.0 live Voluntary frameworkUNESCO AI Ethics RecommendationUNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial IntelligenceUNESCO's Recommendation on the Ethics of AI is the global standard its member states adopted in 2021. Its values, principles and Ethical Impact Assessment.Adopted November 2021

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Questions

Does Luxembourg have an AI law?

Not a national one yet. The EU AI Act applies directly in Luxembourg. Bill 8476, filed on 23 December 2024, would designate the authorities that supervise it. The Council of State raised a formal objection in its opinion of 10 July 2026, and the bill was still in committee in 2026.

Who will supervise the AI Act in Luxembourg?

Under bill 8476 as filed, the CNPD would be the default market surveillance authority and single point of contact. The CSSF and the CAA would cover AI used by the entities they supervise, and ILNAS, the ILR, the ALMPS, ALIA and the judicial control authority would each cover a specific area.

Does the CSSF have guidance on AI?

The CSSF published a white paper on AI in December 2018 and, with the Banque centrale du Luxembourg, thematic reviews of AI in the financial sector in May 2023 and May 2025. They describe how firms use AI and the risks the supervisors watch, rather than setting new rules.

What is Luxembourg's AI strategy?

The government presented its AI strategy on 19 May 2025 as part of the Accelerating Digital Sovereignty 2030 initiative, alongside strategies on data and quantum technologies. It focuses on practical applications and experimentation, scaling ethical and responsible AI use across sectors, and sets ambitions rather than legal obligations.

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