Frameworks · Finland

AI governance frameworks and AI regulation in Finland

Finland governs AI through the EU AI Act, supervised nationally under the Act on the Supervision of Certain AI Systems (1377/2025), which shares the work between the Data Protection Ombudsman, Traficom, the Financial Supervisory Authority and sector authorities. Authorities that decide matters automatically follow binding rules in the Administrative Procedure Act, the GDPR applies to AI that uses personal data, and the Ministry of Finance guides how officials use generative AI.

Who regulates AI here

Office of the Data Protection OmbudsmanEnforces the GDPR in Finland and supervises prohibited AI practices and most Annex III high-risk AI, including employment, education and credit scoring outside finance.
Finnish Transport and Communications Agency (Traficom)The single point of contact for the EU AI Act in Finland, supervising the Article 50 transparency duties and hosting the sanctions board.
Financial Supervisory Authority (FIN-FSA)Supervises high-risk AI in life and health insurance pricing and in credit scoring by the banks, insurers and other firms it supervises.
Ministry of FinanceSteers public administration's use of AI, including the 2025 guidelines on generative AI for officials.

Finland

Finland supervises the EU AI Act through existing authorities under its 2025 supervision act, with binding rules for automated decisions by public authorities and government guidance on generative AI.

LawFinland AI supervision actFinland's Act on the Supervision of Certain AI Systems (1377/2025)Finland's Act 1377/2025 names who supervises the EU AI Act in Finland, from the Data Protection Ombudsman to Traficom and FIN-FSA, and sets the sanction fees.In force since 1 January 2026 LawFinland public sector automated decisionsAutomated decision-making in Finnish public administrationFinland's rules for authorities that decide matters automatically, in the Administrative Procedure Act and the Information Management Act. What they require.In force since 1 May 2023 Public sector policyFinland public sector GenAI guidelinesGuidelines on using generative AI in Finnish public administrationThe Ministry of Finance's 2025 guidelines on generative AI in Finnish public administration. What they ask of officials and of the organisations they work in.Published March 2025, in use

All Finland frameworks

European Union

The EU AI Act sets risk-based obligations for AI placed on the EU market or used in the EU, alongside the GDPR's rules on automated decisions.

LawEU AI ActEU AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689)The EU AI Act sets risk-based rules for AI used in the EU. What it requires of providers and deployers, and the dates as amended by the 2026 Digital Omnibus.In force, applying in stages to 2028In Aicura from Enterprise LawGDPR Article 22GDPR Article 22 and automated decision-makingGDPR Article 22 limits solely automated decisions with legal or similarly significant effects. Who it applies to, the exceptions, safeguards and AI duties.In force since May 2018, amendment proposed Voluntary frameworkGPAI Code of PracticeGeneral-Purpose AI Code of PracticeThe EU GPAI Code of Practice is how model providers show they meet AI Act duties on transparency, copyright and systemic risk. What it covers and who signs.Published July 2025, in use Voluntary frameworkTrustworthy AI and ALTAIEthics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI and the Assessment List (ALTAI)The EU's Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI set seven requirements, and ALTAI turns them into a self-assessment checklist. What they cover and who uses it.Published 2019 and 2020, voluntary

All European Union frameworks

International

Standards and frameworks that apply across borders. Most organisations use one of these as the backbone of their AI governance, whatever their jurisdiction.

StandardISO/IEC 42001ISO/IEC 42001:2023 AI management systemsISO/IEC 42001 is the certifiable international standard for an AI management system. What it requires, how Annex A works and how to get ready to certify.Published December 2023, current editionIn Aicura from Pro StandardISO/IEC 42005ISO/IEC 42005:2025 AI system impact assessmentISO/IEC 42005 is international guidance on assessing how an AI system affects people and society, when to assess, what to record and how it links to 42001.Published May 2025, current edition Voluntary frameworkNIST AI RMFNIST AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0)The NIST AI RMF is a voluntary framework for managing AI risk through four functions, Govern, Map, Measure and Manage. What it asks and who uses it worldwide.Version 1.0 current, revision under wayIn Aicura from Pro Voluntary frameworkNIST Generative AI ProfileNIST AI RMF Generative AI Profile (NIST AI 600-1)NIST AI 600-1 applies the AI Risk Management Framework to generative AI. Its 12 risks, the suggested actions behind them and who uses the profile and why.Final, published July 2024 StandardISO/IEC 23894ISO/IEC 23894:2023 Guidance on AI risk managementISO/IEC 23894 adapts the ISO 31000 risk process to AI. What the guidance covers, its AI risk sources and lifecycle mapping, and how it fits with ISO 42001.Published February 2023, current edition StandardISO/IEC 38507ISO/IEC 38507:2022 Governance implications of the use of AI by organizationsISO/IEC 38507 is guidance for boards on governing an organisation's use of AI. What it asks of directors, how it links to ISO/IEC 38500 and who uses it.Published April 2022, current edition Voluntary frameworkOECD AI PrinciplesOECD Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence (OECD AI Principles)The OECD AI Principles are the intergovernmental standard for trustworthy AI, adopted 2019 and revised 2024. The five principles and how to apply them.Adopted May 2019, revised May 2024 Voluntary frameworkHUDERIAHUDERIA: Risk and impact assessment of AI systems for human rights, democracy and the rule of lawHUDERIA is the Council of Europe's method for assessing AI risks to human rights, democracy and the rule of law. Its four elements, scoring and who uses it.Methodology and Model adopted, non-binding LawCouncil of Europe AI ConventionCouncil of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law (CETS No. 225)The Council of Europe AI Convention is the first binding international treaty on AI. Who has signed and ratified, what it asks of parties and when it applies.Open for signature, not yet in force Voluntary frameworkG7 Hiroshima Code of ConductHiroshima Process International Code of Conduct for Organizations Developing Advanced AI SystemsThe G7 Hiroshima Code of Conduct sets 11 voluntary actions for advanced AI developers, with OECD HAIP reporting. What it asks and who reports under HAIP 2.0.Voluntary, reporting framework v2.0 live Voluntary frameworkUNESCO AI Ethics RecommendationUNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial IntelligenceUNESCO's Recommendation on the Ethics of AI is the global standard its member states adopted in 2021. Its values, principles and Ethical Impact Assessment.Adopted November 2021

All International frameworks

Questions

Does Finland have an AI law?

Yes, through the EU. The EU AI Act applies directly in Finland, and the Act on the Supervision of Certain AI Systems (1377/2025), in force since 1 January 2026, names the authorities that supervise it and sets the sanction fee procedure. It creates no obligations beyond the AI Act. Finland also has its own rules on automated decision-making by public authorities, in force since 1 May 2023.

When do the EU AI Act's high-risk rules apply in Finland?

Obligations for high-risk systems listed in Annex III apply from 2 December 2027, and for high-risk AI embedded in regulated products from 2 August 2028, after the EU's Digital Omnibus on AI. Prohibited practices, AI literacy and the Article 50 transparency duties already apply.

What are the penalties under Finland's AI Act law?

Fines are imposed by a sanctions board at Traficom on a proposal from the supervising authority, up to €35 million or 7% of worldwide annual turnover for prohibited practices, and €15 million or 3% for most other breaches. Public authorities cannot be fined.

Can Finnish authorities make automated decisions?

Yes, within limits. Since 1 May 2023 the Administrative Procedure Act has allowed an authority to decide a matter automatically where no case-by-case judgment is needed, or an official has already made it. The decision must say it was automated, and the person can request a free review by a human.

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